Generate all 256 Syllogism forms, whether correct or incorrect

syllogisms.py

######################
# syllogisms.py -- generate all possible syllogisms,
#    whether valid or not
#
# Output is at:
# https://prolatio.blogspot.com/2016/08/all-256-syllogism-forms-with-examples.html
#
# Copyright 2015, Michael Scott Cuthbert (cuthbert@post.harvard.edu)
#    Released freely under a BSD license.  
#    Cleaned up 2026 Feb. and remove Py2 compatibility layers
########################

import random

# change these to make your own funny versions...

sylloExamples = [
    # Subject, Middle, Predicate
    ('men', 'women', 'humans'),
    ('people', 'animals', 'rational beings'),
    ('stools', 'chairs', 'furniture'),
    ('spiders', 'insects', 'animals'),
    ('musicians', 'musicologists', 'scholars'),
    ('rabbits', 'pets', 'furry beasts'),
    ('flowers', 'plants', 'fungi'),
    ('tacos', 'delicious foods', 'platos')
]

wordType = {'S': 'subject',
            'M': 'middle',
            'P': 'predicate'}

class Figure:
    def __init__(self, type=1):
        self.figureType = type
        if type == 1:
            self.major = ['M', 'P']
            self.minor = ['S', 'M']
        elif type == 2:
            self.major = ['P', 'M']
            self.minor = ['S', 'M']
        elif type == 3:
            self.major = ['M', 'P']
            self.minor = ['M', 'S']
        elif type == 4:
            self.major = ['P', 'M']
            self.minor = ['M', 'S']
        self.conclusion = ['S', 'P']

class Mood:
    linkMapping = {'a': 'all ',
                   'e': 'no ',
                   'i': 'some ',
                   'o': 'some '}
    postVerbLink = {'a': '',
                    'e': '',
                    'i': '',
                    'o': 'not '}
    
    def __init__(self, links):
        self.links = links
        self.majorLink = links[0]
        self.minorLink = links[1]
        self.conclusionLink = links[2]

logical = {
    '1aaa': 'barbara',
    '1eae': 'celarent',
    '1aii': 'darii',
    '1eio': 'ferio',
    '1aai': 'barbari',
    '1eao': 'celaront',
    '2eae': 'cesare',
    '2aee': 'camestres',
    '2eio': 'festino',
    '2aoo': 'baroco',
    '2eao': 'cesaro',
    '2aeo': 'camestros',
    '3aii': 'datisi',
    '3iai': 'disamis',
    '3eio': 'ferison',
    '3oao': 'bocardo',
    '3eao': 'felapton',
    '3aai': 'darapti',
    '4aee': 'calemes',
    '4iai': 'dimatis',
    '4eio': 'fresison',
    '4aeo': 'calemos',
    '4eao': 'fesapo',
    '4aai': 'bamalip',
}

# existential fallacy -- requires at least one member of the set to exist.
existential = {
    '1aai', '1eao', '2eao', '2aeo', '3eao', '3aai', '4aeo', '4eao', '4aai'
}

# weakened -- it is possible to make a stronger statement about the claims
#   all instead of some, no instead of some not.
weakened = existential - {'3eao', '3aai', '4eao', '4aai'}


class Syllogism:    
    def __init__(self, figure, mood, syllowords=None):
        self.figure = Figure(figure)
        self.mood = Mood(mood)
        if syllowords is None:
            syllowords = random.choice(sylloExamples)
        self.subject = syllowords[0]
        self.middle = syllowords[1]
        self.predicate = syllowords[2]
    
    def generate(self):
        allSentences = []
        for sentence in ('major', 'minor', 'conclusion'):
            sOut = ''
            if sentence == 'conclusion':
                sOut = 'Therefore, '
            
            linkage = getattr(self.mood, sentence + 'Link')
            linkWord = self.mood.linkMapping[linkage]
            if sOut == '':
                linkWord = linkWord.capitalize()
            sOut += linkWord
            sFormat = getattr(self.figure, sentence)
            wt = wordType[sFormat[0]]
            sOut += getattr(self, wt)
            sOut += ' are '
            sOut += self.mood.postVerbLink[linkage]
            wt = wordType[sFormat[1]]
            sOut += getattr(self, wt)
            sOut += '. '
            allSentences.append(sOut)
        return('\n'.join(allSentences))

def generateAll():
    for i in range(1, 5):
        for a in 'aeio':
            for b in 'aeio':
                for c in 'aeio':
                    shorthand = '{0}{1}'.format(i, a + b + c)
                    print(shorthand, end='')
                    if shorthand in logical:
                        print(' (' + logical[shorthand].capitalize() + ')', end='')
                    if shorthand in weakened:
                        print(' [weak]', end='')
                    if shorthand in existential:
                        print(' [existential]', end='')
                    print('')
                    s = Syllogism(i, a + b + c)
                    print(s.generate())
                    print('-----------------------\n')
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    generateAll()