Below is the analysis and the actual output of running the throughput test in https://github.com/gonzalop/mq, using examples/throughput/multiple_different_args.sh against a local mosquitto MQTT 2.1.0 server running on a container with host networking.
Note that Paho v3 lacks features and checks present in v5 clients, so it's not really comparing apples to apples, but it's a good reference. Also note that I increased the max inflight in the mosquitto server documentation to 1000 in order for paho v3 not to fail QoS 0 tests.
The analysis is what Gemini thought of the output from both the client side and the server side perspectives.